This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract When a wave passes through a large thickness of a non-absorbing medium containing weak random irregularities of refractive index, large ...

We consider a stationary AR(1) process with ARCH(1) errors given by the stochastic difference equation $X_{t}=\alpha X_{t-1}+\sqrt{\beta +\lambda X_{t-1}^{2 ...

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Autocorrelation, a statistical measure that evaluates the relationship between a variable’s past and present values, can provide insights into patterns and guide investment decisions. By analyzing how ...