What could be more basic than a voltage reference—a simple, constant reference voltage? As with all design topics, there are tradeoffs. This article discusses the different types of voltage references ...

What could be more basic than a voltage reference—a simple, constant reference voltage? As with all design topics, there are tradeoffs. This article discusses the different types of voltage references ...

As children, we all probably had our ideal career paths. As an adult do you still harbor a secret desire to be an astronaut, or to drive a railroad train? Or have holders of other jobs become the ...

The voltage reference sets the limit to the input analog signal that the ADC can resolve. Equation 1 is the ideal transfer function of an ADC where the output code—in decimal form—is computed by the ...

Voltage references are available with fixed and adjustable reference voltage outputs. Adjustable output is set by a resistor divider connected to a reference pin. These references are either shunt ...

CMOS voltage reference circuits are integral to modern electronic systems, providing a stable and reproducible voltage that underpins the performance of myriad integrated devices. These circuits ...

In this 21st century environment, we change gadgets every year and expect them to work correctly, even if they don’t last all that long. They usually only survive until the next revision comes out, ...

Linear Tech is claiming a record for its latest voltage reference – the lowest drift bandgap ever – at 1.5ppm/°C, or 30ppm long-term. Called the LT6657, low frequency (0.1-10Hz) noise is also good at ...

TI has introduced a voltage reference that typically runs from 680nA and yet has a max initial error of ±0.05% and a max temperature coefficient of 10ppm/°C across ...

A technical paper titled “Cryo-CMOS Voltage References for the Ultrawide Temperature Range From 300 K Down to 4.2 K” was published by researchers at Delft University of Technology, QuTech, Kavli ...

Among multimeters one instrument stands far and above the rest. An object desired for its accuracy, resolution and shear engineering beauty. I speak of course of the HP 3458A. That’s right, not ...