Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are typically produced through crystallization. In this process, an organic molecule can take on multiple crystalline forms. Solid-state characteristics, ...

Titanium dioxide (TiO 2) is a popular whitening additive, used in countless white colored commercial products such as paper, plastics, toothpaste, fabrics, and paint. When it is prepared as a powder ...

Definition:Raman Spectroscopy is a sophisticated analytical technique used to observe vibrational, rotational, and other low-frequency modes in a system. This material characterization technique ...

The European Pharmacopoeia, otherwise called Ph. Eur., is a single reference work dedicated to the quality control of medicines. Ph. Eur. includes norms, recommends analytical methods and lists ...

During light scattering, the majority of scattered light undergoes no change in frequency (or energy), in a process referred to as referred to as elastic or Rayleigh scattering. Raman spectroscopy ...