It is not surprising that the world around us is getting more and more digitized. One reason might be that manipulation, storage, and usage of data in digital form is more convenient and easier than ...

My last column showed how a single-stage delta-sigma modulator (DSM) produces an output that is a sum of the low pass-filtered input signal and the high pass-filtered quantization noise (see “Part 4,” ...

The ability to support an ADSL system over a very long reach at maximum data speed is limited by many factors, including the allowed transmission power, loop signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), ...

A signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) lets us express the relationship between signal and noise powers, as well as between the root-mean-square (rms) values of signal and noise voltages: SNR (dB) = ...