Laser isotope separation exploits the slight differences in atomic energy levels between isotopes to achieve selective excitation and ionisation. By tuning narrowband or broadband lasers to ...

Many conventional spectrometric techniques have been effectively used in the detection of solids, liquids, and gases. However, newer laser spectroscopy techniques have emerged as the tools of choice ...

Since the first demonstration of the laser in the 1960s, laser spectroscopy has become an essential tool for studying the detailed structures and dynamics of atoms and molecules. Advances in laser ...