High-order Markov chain models extend the conventional framework by incorporating dependencies that span several previous states rather than solely the immediate past. This extension allows for a ...

The amino acid sequence of the transmembrane protein and its corresponding positions on the cell membrane are transformed into a hidden Markov process. After evaluating the parameters, the Viterbi ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. Dr. Lance B. Eliot is a world-renowned AI scientist and consultant. In today’s column, I closely examine an innovative way of ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract In this paper, we derive restrictions for Granger noncausality in MS-VAR models and show under what conditions a variable does not affect the ...