Stage 4 RCC is metastatic, with common spread to lungs, bones, liver, brain, and adrenal glands. Understanding IMDC risk is crucial for treatment planning. Systemic therapies, including combination ...

Ewing’s sarcoma (ES) is a rare form of cancer that affects the bones or soft tissues surrounding the bones. Stage 4 ES is the most advanced stage of the disease. It indicates the cancer has spread to ...

Stage 4 liver cancer is when cancer spreads from your liver into lymph nodes or to distant organs and tissues. It can’t be cured, but treatments may help slow progression and manage symptoms. Liver ...

Cryotherapy isn’t a curative treatment for stage 4 esophageal cancer. Instead, it’s used to relieve one of the major symptoms of this stage: difficulty swallowing. Esophageal cancer in stage 4 can be ...

Stage 4 papillary thyroid cancer involves distant metastasis, with treatment focusing on disease control and quality of life rather than cure. Diagnostic tools include imaging, biopsy, and molecular ...

Hodgkin lymphoma (formerly known as Hodgkin disease), which involves an abnormal type of lymphocyte called Reed-Sternberg cells Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which does not contain Reed-Sternberg cells Both ...

Stage 4 bone cancer, also known as metastatic bone cancer, is where cancer has spread from the bone to other parts of the body. Treatment is palliative, which aims to improve a person’s quality of ...