Testing for failure with a multimeter is only partially effective, whereas a dedicated optocoupler testing circuit provides clear results in just seconds. For related tutorials and step-by-step build ...

Network analysis is a powerful and well-established method of characterizing and optimizing a control system. [1] Unfortunately, making a successful measurement can be difficult and frustrating ...

Most switching power-supply controllers provide non-latching fault protection. Satisfying a requirement for a latchoff response to a fault often requires the addition of excessive and redundant ...

Connecting them at only one point. Cutting the ground plane under a mixed signal component Connecting them with capacitors. Segmenting the ground plane in a PCB such that there is only a narrow ...

The creative new approach could lead to more energy-efficient machine-learning hardware. On a table in his lab at the University of Pennsylvania, physicist Sam Dillavou has connected an array of ...

First of all, we should ask ourselves the following question: Let’s say we want to communicate from one IP of a microprocessor to an IP of another microprocessor; how can we try to devise a way for ...

Courtesy of www.MikeHolt.com. Based on the 2020 NEC. Article 725 of the National Electrical Code (NEC) covers remote-control, signaling, and power-limited circuits that are not integral to a device or ...

Safety-relevant output modules as well as a logic module with expanded functional scope have been added to modules already available. Fourteen different safety-relevant function modules, from a simple ...