Several recent studies argue that the adoption of universal demand (UD) laws represent an exogenous decline in litigation risk by increasing the procedural hurdles associated with shareholder ...

A good rule of thumb for economists is to caveat any projection with the statement that an ‘exogenous shock’ could upend any rosy forecast. A war in the Middle East is an exogenous shock, and we ...

The market experienced few shocks in 2023, with the regional banking crisis resolved by FDIC guaranteeing deposits and imposing charges on large banks. Default forecast is for ongoing trends to ...

While we generally group all historic rate cutting cycles together, it is a heterogeneous group of events that are often prompted by exogenous shocks, impacting financial liquidity and market returns.

One of the many layers of the evolving tragedy in Japan is that it illustrates how an exogenous shock can hit a nation’s economy. The physical damage already is severe. Until the ongoing nuclear plant ...

Since World War II, about 75 percent of consumption expenditure by the U.S. government has consisted of wages and salaries for government employees. I distinguish between the goods and the employment ...

MUNCIE, Ind. — A good rule of thumb for economists is to caveat any projection with the statement that an ‘exogenous shock’ could upend any rosy forecast. A war in the Middle East is an exogenous ...