Difference equations, as discrete analogues of differential equations, form a fundamental mathematical framework for describing systems that evolve incrementally over time or space. Coupled with ...

In every relationship, conflicts are inevitable. Some are minor disagreements, while others can escalate into intense confrontations. All couples have them — these problems are grounded in the ...

The study of differential-difference equations and boundary value problems occupies an essential niche in applied mathematics, linking the theory of differential operators with discrete translation ...