The impact response of composite materials was of only minor interest prior to the introduction of carbon fiber in the mid-1960s. Before that time, the composites in use were primarily reinforced with ...

Charpy testing is a method for determining the relative impact strength of metals. It is also known as the Charpy V notch test. This testing method was developed in the 1940s by S.B. Russell and G.

A decade before an iceberg shattered the hull plates of the Titanic and half a century before a plague of brittle fractures started sinking Liberty ships during World War II, scientists in the United ...