At the heart of bottom-up nanotechnology lies a process driven by thermodynamics and kinetics, rather than the deterministic approaches characteristic of top-down methods. This fundamental difference ...

Bottom-Up Processing Human brains, like those of other mammals, evolved to quickly and automatically take, process, and respond to sensory information (seeing, hearing, touching, tasting, smelling) ...

Pulsed fluxes of organisms across ecosystem boundaries can exert top-down and bottom-up effects in recipient food webs, through both direct effects on the subsidized trophic levels and indirect ...