Diagnosis of vTOS is made by a combination of clinical presentation and noninvasive studies. A duplex ultrasound of the subclavian vein in both the resting position and with the arm abducted to 90° is ...
Informed consent indicating the possibility of nerve, artery, or vein injury was obtained. A qualified anesthesiologist inserted a dual endotracheal tube-34F or 35F for females and 37F for males ...
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