The hardness scale was created by trying to scratch one mineral with another. It was then recorded which mineral left a scratch. For example, Corundum, (Ruby and Sapphire) was used to scratch Apatite.
A groundbreaking scale that redefines gemstone durability by combining hardness, fracture toughness, and inclusions into a comprehensive framework for the gem and jewelry trade. BURLINGTON, Vt., Oct.
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